Sound & Sense Chapter 11-13 Notes

Chapter 11: Musical Devices
-Musical quality in poetry is achieved by the arrangement of sound and accents
-Repetition is good
-People like repetition because it provides familiarity
-Appeal in poetry is not always about what the poem says, and rather how it sounds
-Changing words in a poem alters the sound, either adding to or detracting from the quality of the poem
-Assonance: repetition of vowel sounds
-Consonance: repetition of final consonant sounds
-Rhyming:
-Masculine: rhyme sound only involves one syllable
-Feminine: rhyme sound involves multiple syllables
-Internal: one or more rhyming words within a line
-End: when rhyming words are at the ends of lines
-Approximate: words with any kind of similar sound

Chapter 12: Rhythm and Meter
-Rhythm: wavelike recurrence of motion or sound
-Accented/Stressed: the part of a word given more emphasis
-Rhetorical Stresses: emphasis on sections of phrases to clarify meaning
-End-stopped line: end of a line corresponds with a natural speech pause
-Run-on line: Line moves to the next line without pause
-Caesuras: Pauses that occur within lines
-Meter: identifying characteristic of rhythmic languages that "we can tap our feet to"
-Foot: one accented syllable with one or two unaccented syllable
-Iambic: unstressed, stressed, unstressed, stressed
-Trochaic: stressed, unstressed, stressed, unstressed
-Anapestic: unstressed, unstressed, stressed, unstressed, unstressed, stressed
-Dactylic: stressed, unstressed, unstressed, stressed, unstressed, unstressed
-Spondaic: stressed, stressed
-Stanza: group of lines with the same metric pattern throughout the poem
-Metric Variations
-Substitution: replacing regular foot with another one
-Extrametrical Syllables: syllables added to the beginning or end of lines
-Truncation: omission of an unaccented syllable at beginning or end of lines
-Expected rhythm v. Heard rhythm
-Grammatical & Rhetorical Pauses

Chapter 13: Sound and Meaning

-Poetry meant to convey meaning or experience through sounds
-Onomatopoeia: words that sound like what they mean
-Phonetic Intensives: words which sounds are somehow connected to their meaning
-Letters have hard and soft sounds
-Euphony & Cacophony to create nicely sounding combinations of words
-Synesthesia:  stimulation of two or more senses at the same time